Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent condition affecting 3–9% of school-age children, with boys being affected more than girls in a ratio as high as 9:1 in terms of clinic referrals (although the ratio in the community may be closer to 3:1 or even equal). ADHD will provide many challenges for both children and their teachers in the school community. In some cases, specific incidents may result in decisions that will lead to a permanent or fixed-term exclusion from school. However, for most individuals with ADHD, early diagnosis and treatment can result in successful educational and social outcomes.